Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is the continuation or worsening of symptoms following surgical treatment for a spinal condition. It most commonly occurs in patients who undergo open neck or back surgeries, which can be highly invasive operations that significantly disrupt the spine’s anatomical components. Open neck or back surgery is typically a treatment of […]

There is a wide variety of possible causes of neck pain, but having an understanding of these causes could assist in preventing pain or, if necessary, guiding treatment. When dealing with neck pain, the culprit is most likely going to be muscle strain, worn joints, or nerve compression. This pain can be caused by a […]

As defined in FDA guidance, bioavailability is “the rate and extent to which the active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action.” While the definition appears sufficient, there a level of ambiguity in the scientific literature has led some people to confuse oral […]

Feeling helpless is not a feeling most people enjoy in their day to day lives. But for people who are trying to feeling out of control and helpless can be a daily battle. The tightness in the chest can feel like a grip that will never leave you. The squeezing of the diaphragm from the […]

Background Many new drug molecules have solubility problems with some having almost no aqueous solubility. This creates formulation development issues since many standard formulation techniques may not be successful in delivering a drug orally. A common approach to improving oral delivery is to use the amorphous form of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The amorphous form […]

It’s hard to avoid CROs these days. From two-person virtual companies to the largest multinationals, everyone is outsourcing, and like everything else, this trend has its pluses and minuses. For those new to the game, we thought we would address some perceptions and realities we have found in working with pharmaceutical CROs. Perception: Once you […]

It is sometimes amazing what people do to get insoluble drugs into laboratory animals. While a slightly crazy formulation may be the best option for early animal studies, if you get married to it, the divorce could get messy. We formulators like to gripe about not getting enough attention. In a previous newsletter article we […]

There are a lot of products that you may use in order to see to it that you will be able to maintain a young-looking and glowing skin. However, why would you waste your money in buying these substances when everything that you need in order to achieve glowing skin is right inside your home? […]

Ear, Nose, and Throat doctors (or ENTs) perform just under 5% of all surgeries in the US each year – that translates to more than 3.5 million procedures a year. These types of interventions can be lifesavers for patients, some of whom may struggle with painful conditions until they receive surgery. Interestingly, pain management for […]

In order to avoid pimples and acne, it is advisable to understand the causes of the pimples and acne formation. Almost everyone often repeatedly suffered from pimples and acne. It appears from time to time even at senior age due to strong endocrine or disorder making pimples and acne relatively troublesome. Many people quest for […]